PFAS Standards for Drinking Water

Frequently asked questions

What activity is happening at the federal level?

In 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, and GenX. This regulation includes enforceable drinking water standards, called Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). 

The EPA proposed two revisions to the regulation in May 2026. These revisions are to: 

1. Keep in place MCL values for PFOS and PFOA and offer public water systems the opportunity to request an extension of their MCL compliance date from 2029 to 2031; and 
2. Rescind previously promulgated regulations for PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA and a Hazard Index.

For more information about these federal activities, visit the EPA page, Proposed PFAS Rescission Rule.

What is the MDH guidance for PFAS?

MDH develops health-based rules and guidance to evaluate potential human health risks from exposures to chemicals in drinking water. A health-based guidance value (HBV) is the level of a contaminant that can be present in water and pose little or no health risk to a person drinking that water over a lifetime, including sensitive populations and those who are highly exposed.

MDH has HBVs for PFAS in drinking water, including PFOA and PFOS. Public water systems are not required to meet HBVs. HBVs do not consider cost and technology of prevention and/or treatment, and may be set at levels that are costly, challenging, or impossible for a public water system to meet. For more information, visit Guidance Values and Standards for Contaminants in Drinking Water.

How can I find out more about PFAS in my drinking water?

MDH has tested community water systems across the state for PFAS. Our Interactive Dashboard for PFAS Testing in Drinking Water shows systems' testing results and whether results are below or above available federal standards.

What about PFAS and private wells?

People using private wells can find information about PFAS risks, testing, and treatment at Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Private Wells.

What are my options to reduce PFAS exposure?

If you have concerns about your health, you can take steps to reduce your potential exposure to PFAS from drinking water in your home. Visit PFAS and Home Treatment of Water for information about household drinking water treatment. Other ways to reduce PFAS exposure can be found at PFAS and Health.

What is Minnesota doing to address PFAS in the environment?

To learn more about other state efforts to address PFAS, visit the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency's PFAS page or read about Minnesota's PFAS Blueprint.